D. Pharm 1st Yr Syllabus

Diploma Pharmacy Ist Year Syllabus

PHARMACEUTICS Theory

Chapter 1

• History of the profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to Pharmacy education, industry, pharmacy practice, and various professional associations.

• Pharmacy as a career

• Pharmacopoeia: Introduction to IP, BP, USP, NF and Extra Pharmacopoeia. Salient features of Indian Pharmacopoeia

Chapter 2

• Packaging materials: Types, selection criteria, advantages and disadvantages of glass, plastic, metal, and rubber as packaging materials

Chapter 3

• Pharmaceutical aids: Organoleptic (Colouring, flavoring, and sweetening) agents

• Preservatives: Definition, types with examples and uses

Chapter 4

• Unit operations: Definition, objectives/applications, principles, construction and workings of:

• Size reduction: hammer mill and ball mill

• Size separation: Classification powder according to IP, Cyclone separator, Sieves, and standards of sieves

• Mixing: Double cone blender, Turbine mixer, Triple roller. mill and Silverson mixer homogenizer

• Filtration: Theory of filtration, membrane filter, and sintered glass filter

• Drying: working of fluidized bed dryer and process of freeze drying

• Extraction: Definition, Classification, method and applications

Chapter 5

• Tablets – coated and uncoated, various modified tablets (sustained release, extended-release, fast dissolving, double layered)

• Capsules - hard and soft gelatine capsules

• Liquid oral preparations - solution, syrup, elixir, emulsion, suspension, dry powder for reconstitution

• Topical preparations - ointments, creams, pastes, gels, liniments and lotions, suppositories and pessaries

• Nasal preparations, Ear preparations

• Powders and granules - Insufflations, dusting powders, effervescent powders and effervescent granules

• Sterile formulations – Injectables, eye drops, and eye ointments

• Immunological products: Sera, vaccines, toxoids, and their manufacturing methods.

Chapter 6

• Basic structure, layout, sections, and activities of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants

• Quality control and quality assurance: Definition and concepts of quality control & quality assurance, current good manufacturing practice (cGMP), Introduction to the concept of calibration and validation

Chapter 7

• Novel drug delivery systems: Introduction, Classification with examples, advantages and challenges

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

Chapter 1

• Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry: Scope and objectives

• Sources and types of errors: Accuracy, precision, significant figures

• Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: Source and effect of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances, the importance of the limit test, Principle and procedures of Limit tests for chlorides, sulfates, iron, heavy metals, and arsenic.

Chapter 2

• Volumetric analysis: Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, Acid-base titration, non-aqueous titration, precipitation titration, complexometric titration, redox titration

• Gravimetric analysis: Principle and method.

Chapter3

Inorganic Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutical formulations, market preparations, storage conditions, and uses of

• Haematinics: Ferrous sulfate, Ferrous fumarate, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ferrous ascorbate, Carbonyl iron

• Antacids: Aluminium hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide, Magaldrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate

• Anti-microbial agents: Silver Nitrate, Ionic Silver, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Hydrogen peroxide, Boric acid, Bleaching powder, Potassium permanganate

• Dental products: Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, Denture cleaners, Denture adhesives, Mouthwashes

• Medicinal gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen

Chapter4

• Introduction to nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic compounds containing up to Three rings

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations, and their popular brand names

Chapter 5

• Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

  • Anaesthetics: Thiopental Sodium*, Ketamine Hydrochloride*, Propofol

  • Sedatives and Hypnotics: Diazepam*, Alprazolam*, Nitrazepam, Phenobarbital*

  • Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride*, Haloperidol*, Risperidone*, Sulpiride*, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Lurasidone

  • Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin*, Carbamazepine*, Clonazepam, Valproic Acid*, Gabapentin*, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine

  • Anti-depressants: Amitriptyline Hydrochloride*, Imipramine Hydrochloride*, Fluoxetine*, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine

Chapter 6

• Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

  • Sympathomimetic Agents: Direct Acting: Nor-Epinephrine*, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine, Dopamine*, Terbutaline, Salbutamol (Albuterol), Naphazoline*, Tetrahydrozoline.

  • Indirect-acting agents: Hydroxy Amphetamine, Pseudoephedrine. Agents With Mixed Mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol

  • Adrenergic Antagonists: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers: Tolazoline, Phentolamine

  • Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: Propranolol*, Atenolol*, Carvedilol

  • Cholinergic Drugs and Related Agents: Direct Acting Agents: Acetylcholine*, Carbachol, And Pilocarpine. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine*, Edrophonium Chloride, Tacrine Hydrochloride, Pralidoxime Chloride, Echothiopate Iodide

  • Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Atropine Sulphate*, Ipratropium Bromide

  • Synthetic Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride, Clidinium Bromide, Dicyclomine Hydrochloride*

Chapter 7

• Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System

  • Anti-arrhythmic drugs: Quinidine Sulphate, Procainamide Hydrochloride, Verapamil, Phenytoin Sodium*, Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Lorcainide Hydrochloride, Amiodarone, and Sotalol

  • Anti-Hypertensive Agents: Propranolol*, Captopril*, Ramipril, Methyldopate Hydrochloride, Clonidine Hydrochloride, Hydralazine Hydrochloride, Nifedipine,

  • Antianginal Agents: Isosorbide Dinitrate

Chapter 8

• Diuretics: Acetazolamide, Frusemide*, Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone, Benzthiazide, Metolazone, Xipamide, Spironolactone

Chapter 9

• Hypoglycemic Agents: Insulin and Its Preparations, Metformin*, Glibenclamide*, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Gliflozins, Gliptins

Chapter 10

• Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Morphine Analogues, Narcotic Antagonists;

• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) - Aspirin*, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen*, Piroxicam, Celecoxib, Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol*, Aceclofenac

Chapter 11

• Anti-Infective Agents

  • Antifungal Agents: Amphotericin-B, Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Ketoconazole*, Itraconazole, Fluconazole*, Naftifine Hydrochloride

  • Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents: Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin*, Moxifloxacin

  • Anti-Tubercular Agents: INH*, Ethambutol, Para Amino Salicylic Acid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Pretomanid*

  • Antiviral Agents: Amantadine Hydrochloride, Idoxuridine, Acyclovir*, Foscarnet, Zidovudine, Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Favipiravi

  • Antimalarials: Quinine Sulphate, Chloroquine Phosphate*, Primaquine Phosphate, Mefloquine*, Cycloguanil, Pyrimethamine, Artemisinin

  • Sulfonamides: Sulfanilamide, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfacetamide*, Mafenide Acetate, Cotrimoxazole, Dapsone*

Chapter 12

• Antibiotics: Penicillin G, Amoxicillin*, Cloxacillin, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol* Clindamycin

Chapter 13

• Anti-Neoplastic Agents: Cyclophosphamide*, Busulfan, Mercaptopurine, Fluorouracil*, Methotrexate, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulphate, Cisplatin*, Dromostanolone Propion

PHARMACOGNOSY

Chapter 1

• Definition, history, present status and scope of Pharmacognosy

Chapter 2

• Classification of drugs:

  • Alphabetical

  • Taxonomical

  • Morphological

  • Pharmacological

  • Chemical

  • Chemo-taxonomical

Chapter 3

• Quality control of crude drugs: Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs, Evaluation of crude drugs

Chapter 4

• A brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity, and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins, and resins.

Chapter 5

• Biological source, chemical constituents, and therapeutic efficacy of the following categories of crude drugs.

  • Laxatives: Aloe, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna

  • Cardiotonic: Digitalis, Arjuna

  • Carminatives and G.I. regulators: Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon

  • Astringents: Myrobalan, Black Catechu

  • Drugs acting on the nervous system: Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Ephedra, Opium, Tea leaves, Coffee seeds, Coca

  • Anti-hypertensive: Rauwolfia

  • Anti-tussive: Vasaka, Tolu Balsam

  • Anti-rheumatics: Colchicum seed

  • Anti-tumour: Vinca, Podophyllum

  • AntidiabeticsPterocarpus, Gymnema

  • Diuretics: Gokhru, Punarnava

  • Anti-dysenteric: Ipecacuanha

  • Antiseptics and disinfectants: Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Turmeric

  • Antimalarials: Cinchona, Artemisia

  • Oxytocic: Ergot

  • Vitamins: Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil

  • Enzymes: Papaya, Diastase, Pancreatin, Yeast

  • Pharmaceutical Aids: Kaolin, Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium alginate, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatine

  • Miscellaneous: Squill, Galls, Pale catechu, Ashwagandha, Vasaka, Tulsi, Guggul

Chapter 6

• Plant fibers used as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool, and regenerated fibers

• Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures

Chapter 7

• Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathy

• Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila, Churna, Lehya, and Bhasma

Chapter 8

• Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in the national economy and their export potential

Chapter 9

• Herbs as health food:

• Brief introduction and therapeutic applications of Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Pro-biotics, Pre-biotics, Dietary fibers, Omega-3-fatty acids, Spirulina, Carotenoids, Soya, and Garlic

Chapter 10

• Herbal cosmetics: Sources, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic and cosmetic uses of Aloe vera gel, Almond oil, Lavender oil, Olive oil, Rosemary oil, Sandal Wood oil

Chapter 11

• Phytochemical investigation of drugs

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – THEORY Course Code: ER20-14T

Chapter 1

• Scope of Anatomy and Physiology

• Definition of various terminologies

Chapter 2

• Structure of Cell: Components and its functions

Chapter 3

• Tissues of the human body: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous tissues – their sub-types and characteristics.

Chapter 4

• Osseous system: structure and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeleton

• Classification, types and movements of joints, disorders of joints

Chapter 5

• Haemopoietic system

  • Composition and functions of blood

  • Process of Hemopoiesis

  • Characteristics and functions of RBCs, WBCs and platelets

  • Mechanism of Blood Clotting

  • Importance of Blood groups

Chapter 6

• Lymphatic system

  • Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation.

  • Structure and functions of spleen and lymph node.

Chapter 7

• Cardiovascular system

  • Anatomy and Physiology of heart

  • Blood vessels and circulation (Pulmonary, coronary and systemic circulation)

  • Cardiac cycle and Heart sounds, Basics of ECG

  • Blood pressure and its regulation

Chapter 8

• Respiratory system

  • Anatomy of respiratory organs and their functions.

  • Regulation Mechanism of respiration.

  • Respiratory volumes and capacities – definitions

Chapter 9

• Digestive system

  • Anatomy and Physiology of GIT

  • Anatomy and functions of accessory glands

  • Physiology of digestion and absorption

Chapter 10

• Skeletal muscles

  • Histology

  • Physiology of muscle contraction

  • Disorder of skeletal muscles

Chapter 11

• Nervous system

  • Classification of the nervous system

  • Anatomy and physiology of cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain

  • Function of the hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and basal ganglia

  • Spinal cord structure and reflexes

  • Names and functions of cranial nerves.

  • Anatomy and physiology of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (ANS)

Chapter 12

• Sense organs - Anatomy and physiology of

  • Eye

  • Ear

  • Skin

  • Tongue

Chapter 13

• Urinary system

  • Anatomy and physiology of the urinary system

  • Physiology of urine formation

  • Renin - angiotensin system

  • Clearance tests and micturition

Chapter 14

• Endocrine system (Hormones and their functions)

  • Pituitary gland

  • Adrenal gland

  • Thyroid and parathyroid gland

  • Pancreas and gonads

Chapter 15 

• Reproductive system

  • Anatomy of male and female reproductive system

  • Physiology of menstruation

  • Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis

  • Pregnancy and parturition

Unit 1 Introduction to Social Pharmacy

Unit 1

•  Definition and Scope. Social Pharmacy as a discipline and its scope in improving public health. Role of Pharmacists in Public Health.

•  Concept of Health -WHO Definition, various dimensions, determinants, and health indicators.

•  National Health Policy – Indian Perspective  Public and Private Health System in India, National Health Mission  Introduction to Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, FIP Development Goals

Unit 2 Nutrition and Health

•  Basics of nutrition – Macronutrients and Micronutrients

•  Importance of water and fibers in diet

•  A balanced diet, Malnutrition, nutrition deficiency diseases, ill effects of junk foods, calorific and nutritive values of various foods, fortification of food

•  Introduction to food safety, adulteration of foods, effects of artificial ripening, use of pesticides, genetically modified foods

•  Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, food supplements

• – indications, benefits, Drug-Food Interactions

Unit 3 Introduction to Microbiology and Common Microorganisms

Epidemiology: Introduction to epidemiology, and its applications. Understanding of terms such as epidemic, pandemic, endemic, mode of transmission, outbreak, quarantine, isolation, incubation period, contact tracing, morbidity, mortality, . (2) Causative agents, epidemiology and clinical presentations, and Role of Pharmacists in educating the public in the prevention of the following communicable diseases:

•  Respiratory infections – chickenpox, measles, rubella, mumps, influenza (including Avian-Flu, H1N1, SARS, MERS, COVID-19), diphtheria, whooping cough, meningococcal meningitis, acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, Ebola (7)

•  Intestinal infections – poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis, cholera, acute diarrheal diseases, typhoid, amebiasis, worm infestations, food poisoning (7) Arthropod-borne infections - dengue, malaria, filariasis, and, chikungunya (4)

•  Surface infections – trachoma, tetanus, leprosy (2)

•  STDs, HIV/AIDS (3)

Unit 4 Introduction to health systems and all ongoing National Health Programs in India, their objectives, functioning, outcome, and the role of pharmacists.

Unit 5 Pharmacoeconomics – Introduction, basic terminologies, importance of pharmacoeconomics.

Alok Bains