Clinical Biochemistry. DMLT. IInd-Semester. Important questions. (Question Bank) for the HSBTE Examination. 

UNIT I

Introduction to biochemistry

1.1 Definition and Importance of Biochemistry

1.2 Volumetric apparatus and their calibration Blood fractions

1.3 Separation of Serum

1.4 Separation of Plasma

1.5 Different protein precipitating reagents, Preparation of protein-free filtrate(PFF)

SECTION A

1. Define biochemistry.

a) study of chemical reactions in plant cells

b) study of biological reactions in plant cells

c) study of mathematical reactions in humans

d) study of chemical reactions in a living cell

2. Entity the laboratory practice that must always be followed when cleaning glassware.

a) Use an abrasive detergent               b)Allow the glassware to soak

c) Check for organic matter to remain intact

d)Use wire brushes to clean the glassware surface

4. Example of volumetric glassware is

a) beaker b) flask c) graduated cylinder d) test tub

5. SI units of luminous intensity

a) kelvin b) kilogram c)mole d) candela

6. Without anticoagulant tubes are used for.............

a) Cell separation b) Plasma Separation c)serum separation d) blood separation

7. What solution must always be used for the final rinse of glassware?

a) Saltwater b) Diluted acid c) Deionized distilled water d) Demonized sodium hydroxide

8. Full form of PFF

a) Protein for filter b) Protein free filtrate

b) Both a & b d) None of the above

9. The study of chemical reactions that happen in living organisms is known as

a) Analytical Chemistry b) Organic Chemistry c) Inorganic Chemistry d) Biochemistry

10. PFF is known as

a) Plasma free filtrate b) Plasma free fluid

c) Protein free filtrate d) Protein free fluid

11. In PFF, Sulphuric Acid is used as

a) Precipitant b) Anticoagulant

c) Both of these d) None of these

12. What is best done when cleaned glassware is detected with chromic acid residue?

a) Rinse with 70% alcohol b) Rinse with distilled water

c) Dispose it to the rubber bin d) Dispose it to the biological bin

SECTION B

1. _________is used to make glass apparatus.

2. Examples of glassware are_______

3. Expand PFF

4. Define Calibration.

5. Define Calibration

6. Write units of Density in the S.I. system

7. Define Descriptive Biochemistry.

8. 1 litre = -------- ml & 1 kg = ------ g

9. --------- is used to remove difficult stains from glassware.

10. Why dirty glassware should not be left to dry out.

11. Why new glassware should be soaked in dilute HCl before washing?

12. Expand CSF & PPf.

13. What are S.I. units & their use?

14. Write examples of Protein precipitating reagents.

15. The volumetric apparatus is calibrated to contain a

16. Precise volume at a particular temp.(T/F)

17. Laboratory glassware cleaning requires special attention. (T.F)

18. A beaker is an instrument. (T/F)

19. SI unit of time

20. Expand PFF.

21. Examples of glassware are ________.

22. ______ Temp is suitable for storage of glassware.

23. Write the name of two pieces of glassware outlined in the laboratory.

24. What are detergents?

25. Name two volumetric apparatus used in the lab.

SECTION C

1. Write the method of preparation of protein-free filtrate.

2. Mention about glassware utilized, in the biochemistry lab.

3. How does the separation of plasma is carried out from blood?

4. What are the various reagents used in PFF?

5. Write down the various cleaning agent names.

6. How to clean the glassware with chromic acid.

7. Write down the procedure to prepare the serum from blood.

8. How to calibrate volumetric apparatus.

9. Define serum and plasma.

10. Explain the procedure of preparation of PPF.

11. Explain the reaction involved in making PPF.

12. Draw diagrams of any 4 glassware

13. Explain the procedure for calibration of the volumetric apparatus.

14. Write the procedure of plasma separation.

15. Write the principle of protein-free filtration.

16. Explain the cleaning action of detergent

17. Differentiate soap and detergent.

18. Write the principle of protein-free filtration.

19. Describe one method for cleaning glassware.

20. What are different protein precipitating reagents?

21. Describe the procedure used for serum separation.

22. Explain the cleaning action of detergent.

23. Draw a diagram of any five glassware principles.

24. Write the procedure of protein-free filtration.

25. Explain the procedure of new glassware cleaning.

26. Define cleaning agents & write four examples of cleaning agents.

27. Write the procedure of serum separation.

28. Write down the procedure to prepare the PFF.

29. Write a comprehensive note on the care of plastic and glassware in the biochem lab.

30. How is the separation of serum carried out from blood?

SECTION D

• 1. Define serum. Explain the procedure for the separation of Serum.

• 2. Explain cleaning, drying & storage of glassware.

• 3. Write the procedure for general washing & drying of wares.

• 4. Detailing the various glassware used in the biochemistry lab with neat and clean diagrams.

• 5. Explain the cleaning action of soap and detergent

• 6. What is meant by PPF? How it is prepared.

UNIT II

Collection and preservation of clinical specimens for biochemical analysis of

1.1 Blood

1.2.Urine

1.3.Stool

2.5 Other Body Fluids

SECTION A

• 1. An increased volume of peritoneal fluid is known as?

• a) pleural effusion b) pericardium

• b) ascites d) all of the above

• 2. Average volume of CSF fluid is _________

• a) 50-100ml b) 100-150ml

• b) 150-200ml d) 100-120ml

• 3. CSF stands for

• a) Cerebral Spinal Fluid

• b) Cerebro Spinal Fluid

• c) Cerebrum Spinal Fluid

• d) None of these

• 4. Example of natural anticoagulants is

• a) EDTA b) CPD

• b) Heparin d) ACD

• 5. Normal pH range range of urine is ...........

• a) 4.0-9.2 b) 3.5-8.0

• b) 4.6-8.0 d) none of the above

SECTION B

• 1. Peritoneal fluid is found________

• 2. Name two preservatives for a blood sample.

• 3. The heel prick method is used for_______

• 4. Body fluids are________

• 5. Average volume of CSF fluid is ...........

• 6. Pleural fluid is found around..............

• 7. Pericardial fluid is not a biological fluid. (T/F)

• 8. Expand CSF.

• 9. Average volume of CSF fluid is ...........

• 10. Pleural fluid is found around..............

• 11. .................... Anticoagulants are not prepared in the laboratory.

• 12. Anticoagulants are a chemical substance that prevents ______ of blood.

• 13. Name the site of the collection of Blood.

SECTION C

• 1. Write the procedure for the collection of blood samples

• 2. Write about the composition of urine.

• 3. What is cerebrospinal fluid? How it is collected.

• 4. Mention the composition of urine.

• 5. Explain the collection of urine.

• 6. Write a short note on CSF.

• 7. Write a short note on the Stool sample

• 8. Write down the procedure for stool sample collection

• 9. Explain the procedure for capillary blood collection.

• 10. Write names of different methods of collection of blood samples. Explain anyone.

• 11. Explain containers used for collection of urine

• 12. Explain the preservation of urine.

• 13. What kind of changes can occur if a urine sample is not preserved?

SECTION D

• 1. Explain the collection procedure for blood by the venous puncture method.

2. Describe about collection & preservation of blood examples.

UNIT III

Blood glucose estimation, screening test, and glucose tolerance test (GTT)

• 3.1 Principle and methods of estimation

• 3.2 Reference values

• 3.3 Renal threshold

• 3.4 Clinical importance of blood sugars/GTT

Section A

1. In the process of glycolysis

a) glucose is converted to haem. b) glucose is oxidized to pyruvate

b) pyruvate is converted to citrate d) glucose is oxidized to glutamate

2. Hypoglycemia

a) glucose concentration below 50mg/dl b) glucose concentration above 50mg/dl

b) glucose concentration below 150mg/dl d) glucose concentration above 150mg/dl

3. Random specimen refers

a) sample collection after a period of no food intake

b) sample collection at any time

c) sample collection after 2 hours from of meal d) all of the above

4. Glycogenesis is the process of synthesis of

a) Glucose b) Glycogen c) Fats d) Proteins

5. In hypoglycemia the concentration of glucose in the blood

a) Decreases b) Increases c) Both of these d) None of these

6. Blood Glucose can be estimated by

a) Chemical method b) enzymatic method c) Both of these d) None of these

7. Kreb’s cycle is also known as

a) Kreb’s henseleit cycle b) Urea cycle c) Ornithine cycle

d) All of these

8. In OGTT glucose is administered

a) Orally b) Intra venous c) None of these d) Both of these

9. O- toluidine method is used for the determination of

a) Uric Acid b) Glucose c) Urea d) Proteins

10. The reference range of blood glucose is

a) 200mg/dL b) 180mg/dL c) 160mg/dL d) 140mg/Dl

11. Normal Value of Random blood glucose.

a) 120mg/dl-140mg/dl b) 90-g/dl-100mg/dl

b) 99mg/dl-115mg/dl d) 80g/dl-100mg/dl

12. Give the molecular formula of glucose.

a) C H O b) C6 H12 O 6.  c) C H O d) None of these

13. ATP stands for

a) Adenosine Diphosphate b) Adenosine phosphate

b) Adenosine Triphosphate d) Adenosine Tri Diphosphate

15. The formation of glycogen from glucose is called as

a) Glycogenesis b) Glycogenolysis c) Glyconeogenesis d) Glycolysis

16. In the oxidase-peroxidase method of glucose estimation, which colored complex is formed at the end

a) Blue b) Pink c) Green d) Yellow

17. The normal fasting blood glucose is

a) 60-100 mg/dl b) 100-150 mg/dl c) 150-200 mg/dl d) 20-50mg/dl

18. The glucose oxidation method detects

a) Glucose b) Glucose & Fructose c) Fructose d) Glucose & galactose

19. Which of the following hormones directly regulate blood glucose levels?

a) TSH b) FSH c) progesterone d) insulin

20. The glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose which of the following?

a) obesity b) diabetes and insulin resistance

b) Obesity and irritable bowel syndrome

c) Over-active pancreas

21. What is a renal threshold value for glucose?

a) 108mg/dl b) 180mg/dl c) 150mg/dl d) 70-110mg/dl

22. The conversion of glycogen to glucose is known as

a) Glycolysis b) Glycogenesis c) Glycogenolysis d) None of the above

SECTION B

• 1. Molecular weight of glucose of (in gm,/mol) is _____

• 2. Expand GTT

• 3. Write the full form of OGTT OR Expand OGTT

• 4. Define OGTT.

• 5. The reference range of serum glucose for infants is _______.

• 7. What are the factors determining blood glucose level?

• 8. Glucose oxidase is a_______.

• 9. In hypoglycemia the concentration of glucose in the blood, decreases / Increases.

• 10. What is the renal threshold?

• 11. List the symptoms of Diabetes.

• 12. What is the role of insulin in our body?

• 13. Name the different, methods of glucose estimation. which one is better & why?

• 14. Differentiate between reducing and non-reducing sugar. (Imp)

• 15. The reference range for glucose for adults (random) is 120-150mg/dl (T/F)

• 16. What is glycolysis?

• 17. Why insulin is important for our body?

SECTION C

• 1. Write the procedure of the orthotoludine method for blood glucose estimation ( V Imp).

• 2. Write various factors affecting blood glucose levels.

• 3. Write a note on glycogenesis.

• 4. Write various factors affecting blood glucose levels (V. Imp).

• 5. Explain the screening test for blood glucose.

• 6. Explain GTT, its types, and the importance of GTT

• 7. Differentiate between reducing and non-reducing sugar (Imp).

• 8. Explain about the glucose tolerance test.

• 9. Explain about Hyperglycemia.

• 10. Write a brief note on the renal threshold.

• 11. Write a note on OGTT.

• 12. Write the principle of the God pod method.

• 13. Write the principle of GTT estimation.

• 14. Write the procedure of blood glucose estimation by enzymatic method.

SECTION D

• 1. Explain the principle and procedure of serum/plasma glucose by enzymatic method (V. Imp).

• 2. Explain the principle and procedure of blood glucose estimation by the O-Toluidine method.

• 3. Give in detail about Diabetes and its effects on the body

• 4. Explain the principle, and procedure for serum glucose estimation by folin-wu method.

Dr Pramila Singh

• UNIT IV

• 4.1 Blood urea

• 4.2 Formation and excretion of urea

• 4.3 Principle and procedures of different methods of urea estimation

• 4.3 Reference values

• 4.5 Clinical Importance

• Section A

• 1. Urea cycle is also known as

• a) Ornithine cycle b) Kerbs-henseleit cycle

• b) both a & b d) None of these

• 2. Which method is used for Urea estimation

• a) O Toludine method b) Uricase method

• b) DAM Method d) b & c both

• 3. Elevated levels of urea are observed in

• a) renal condition b) pre-renal condition

• b) post renal condition d) all the above

• 4. Blood urea may be estimated by

• a) DAM method b) Berthelot method c) UV-Kinetic method d) All of these

• 5. Q.5 Uraemia is a condition in which blood urea

• a) Increases b) Decreases c) None of these d) Both of these

• 6. Chemical formula for urea is

• a) CH N O b) CH N O 4 2 4 4 c) CH N O d) CH N O 2 2 4 2 2

• 7. Urea is the major end product of______metabolism.

• a) Ammonia b) nitrogen c) amino acid d) all of these

• 8. In uremia the amount of urea is increased in

• a) Blood b) Stool c) both (a) & (b) d) Gastric juice

• 9. Urea cycle occur in

• a) kidney b) heart c) brain d) liver

• 10. The molecular weight of urea is:

• a) 60 g/mol b) 06 g/mol b) 60mg/mol d) 06mg/mol

• SECTION B

• 1. Define urea.

• 2. Ornithine cycle is also known as __________.

• 3. Write the molecular weight of urea.

• 4. Urea is the end of product of _______metabolism.

• 5. Write the another name of urea cycle.

• 6. Normal values of serum urea are ________.

• 7. Bertheld method is used for serum protein estimation. (T/F)

• 8. Urea is the major end product of nitrogen metabolism. (T/F)

• 9. Chemical formula for urea is _______

• 10. Define the term uremia?

• 11. Urea formation mainly takes place in heart. (T/F)

• SECTION C

• 1. What is the clinical significance of urea estimation?

• 2. Write a note on urea metabolism or urea cycle.(Imp)

• 3. Write the procedure of blood urea estimation bybrethlot method.

• 4. Write principle of DAM method for blood urea estimation.(Imp)

• 5. Write the principle of blood urea estimation

• 6. Explain the urea cycle in detail.

• 7. Write the principal and procedure of estimation of blood urea.

• 8. Explain the principle and procedure of the Berthelot reaction method.

• 9. Write the name of any one method used for serum urea estimation.

• 10. Write the procedure of blood urea estimation.

• 11. Write the procedure of blood urea estimation.

• 12. Discuss the principle of the DAM method

• 13. Discuss the clinical significance of blood urea estimation

• 14. Write the clinical significance of blood urea estimation

• 15. Describe the principle of diacetyl monoxime (DAM) method for blood urea estimation.

• 16. Write the clinical importance of serum urea estimation.

SECTION D

• 1. Explain the principle and procedure of urea estimation. (Imp)

• 2. Write the procedure of blood urea estimation by brethlot method. (Imp)

• 3. Write the principle of the DAM method for blood urea estimation

• 4. Write the principle, Procedure, and clinical Significance of blood urea

• 5. Explain the formation and excretion of urea in the body.

• 6. Explain Krebs Henseleit cycle in detail.

• 7. Explain the formation and excretion of urea in detail

UNIT V

Serum proteins

• 1.1 Introduction

• 1.2 Different methods of estimation including principles and procedures

• 1.3 Reference values

• 1.4 Clinical importance

Uric Acid

1.5 Introduction, principles, and procedures of various estimation methods

• 1.6 Reference values

• 1.7 Clinical Importance

SECTION A

• 1. The normal range of serum albumin in normal humans is:

• a) 3.2-4.5gm/dL b) 10-100 gm/dL c) 100-150gm/dL d) 150-200gm/dL

• 2. Proteins are made up of

• a) peptide b) uric acid c) amino acid d) amino peptide

• 3. Bromocresol Green Method is used for the estimation of serum

• a) Triglycerides b) Globulin c) Albumin d) Cholesterol

• 4. Low serum uric acid values are observed in.........

• a) Renal Tubular Defects b) Fanconi Syndrome c) Galactosemia d) All of these

• 5. Uric acid level increase in C

• a) Renal failure b) Uraemia c) Leukaemia d) All of these

• 6. _________methos is used for estimation of serum albumin.

• a) BCG b) DAM c) Jaffe's d) Turbidimetry

• 7. The normal value of uric acid in males is

• a) 2-5.5 mg/dl b) 6-8.5 mg/dl c) 3.5-7.2 mg/dl d) 7-9.2 mg/dl

• 8. Amino acids are building blocks of

• a) Protein b) Carbohydrate c) Lipids d) Nucleic Acid

• 9. The end point of purine metabolism is

• a) urea b) creatinine c) uric acid d) protein

• 10. The normal range of blood uric acid in humans is:

• a) 2-7 mg/dL b) 2-7 g/dL c) 2-7 mg/L d) 2-7 g/L

• 11. The range of normal A:G is:

• a) 1.2:1 to 2:1 b) 2:1 to 3:1 c) 2:1 to 1:0 d) 1:2 to 1:4

• 12. What is the ideal temp of a hot air oven for storage of glassware?

• a) 60-200 degrees C b) 60-100 degrees C c) 200-400 degrees C d) Above 1000 degrees C

• 13. Which of the following is correct?

• a) Serum contains blood and fibrinogen b) Plasma is blood without lymphocytes

• b) Blood comprises plasma, RBC, WBC, and platelets

• c) Lymph is plasma with RBC and WBC

• 14. Write the normal range of serum protein

• a) 11-13 g/dl b) 2-3 g/dl c) 15-18 g/dl d) 6-8 g/dl

• 15. Write the Normal Value of Blood Urea.

• a) 7-21 mg/dl b) 0.3 -0.9 mg/ dl c) 80- 121 mg /dl d) None of above

• 16. Expand BCG

• a) Borocresol green b) Biuret cresol green c) Blue cresol green d) None of the above

• 17. The milky appearance of urine is due to

a) Diabetes Mellitus b) Diuretic intake c) Diabetes Insipidus d) Chyluria

SECTION B

• 1. Globulin is a water-soluble protein. (True/False).

• 2. Schals & Schals method is used for the estimation of _________(Imp)

• 3. If conc. of Albumin (A) is 60 g/dl and conc. Globulin (G) is 40 g/dl, calculate A:G.

• 4. Write the normal values of uric acid in males and females.

• 5. Henry Carway method is used for the determination of _______(V. Imp)

• 6. ________is a method used for serum albumin estimation.

• 7. BUN stands for a_______

• 8. Edema is caused by the _____in total proteins.

• 9. Total serum proteins can be estimated by the biuret method.

• 10. The chemical formula of Uric acid is ...........

• 11. Normal range of serum proteins is............

• 12. Define the A/G ratio.

• 13. Name any two methods for the estimation of total serum proteins.

• 14. Why protein is important for our body?

• 15. Expand BCG.

• 16. Uric acid is the end product of nucleoprotein metabolism. (T/F)

• 17. The concentration of total protein in human plasma is ________.

• 18. Uric acid is ________.

• 19. The concentration of albumin is higher as compared to globulin in the blood. (True/False)

SECTION C

• 1. Write the clinical conditions in which uric acid levels increase.

• 2. Write the procedure for uric acid estimation.

• 3. Write a short note on the BCG method

• 4. Write the procedure for serum protein estimation by the BCG method.

• 5. Write various factors affecting uric acid levels in the blood.

• 6. Give the principle of uric acid estimation by enzymatic method.

• 7. Write the principle of albumin estimation.

• 8. Write the normal values of uric acid in males and females.

• 9. Give the principle of the Biuret method.

• 10. Give the principle of uric acid estimation by enzymatic method.

• 11. Name important serum proteins and their functions (Imp).

• 12. Write the principle of uric acid estimation.

• 13. Write the clinical significance for uric acid estimation in the human body.

• 14. Define albumin and globulin ratio.

• 16. Write the principle of serum protein estimation (Imp).

• 17. Write the clinical significance of serum protein.

• 18. Write a short note on Serum Protein.

• 19. Write a short note on hyperuricemia & hypouricemia.

• 21. Write various functions of plasma proteins.

• 22. Explain the formation of uric acid.

• 25. Write the procedure for albumin estimation.

• 26. Write a note on the Albumin globulin ratio.

• 28. Write Globulin: Albumin in the case of normal human adults.

• 30. Write the reference value and clinical significance of blood protein estimation.

• 31. Illustrate in brief the procedure of serum globulin estimation.

• 32. Explain in detail the procedure of Henry Caraway's method for serum uric acid estimation.

• 33. Write the reference ranges of serum urea, serum uric acid, serum globulin, and serum albumin.

• 34. Write the reference value and clinical significance of blood protein estimation.

• 35. Illustrate in brief the procedure of serum globulin estimation.

• 36. Explain in detail the procedure of Henry Caraway's method for serum uric acid estimation.

• 37. Write any four clinical conditions in which serum protein estimations are recommended.

• 38. List the reference values of total serum proteins, serum albumin, and serum globulin.

SECTION D

• 1. Write the principle, procedure & Normal value of uric acid

• 2. Write the principle, procedure & Normal value of protein

• 4. Write the principle, procedure, and clinical significance of serum protein estimation.

This is all about the important questions in the subject Clinical Biochemistry IInd Semester DMLT. Stay tuned with alokpdf.com for more updates

Dr Pramila Singh